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41.
由于在产品不同生命周期阶段市场竞争具有不同的特征,因此企业采取的市场战略也有较大的差别。应用物流系统的动态评价方法,研究了有效支撑企业产品市场竞争战略的物流系统应该具有的关键性特征,并在此基础上分析了如何组织企业内外部的物流资源,使得物流系统成本最小化的动态规划问题。 相似文献
42.
We analyse the state of the art in the field of life cycle portfolio choice, a recent strand of the literature on intertemporal
portfolio selection. Life cycle models are designed to identify optimal savings and portfolio policies over the lifetime of
investors. They can help to improve pension schemes by showing how these could be specifically tailored to the individual
employee’s circumstances to overcome the ‘one-size-fits-all’ philosophy still prevailing in parts of the mandatory retirement
savings system. To facilitate comparison, we first describe set-up, solution method and characteristic results for a basic
model and then derive a general framework to classify existing contributions. We highlight the models’ strengths and weaknesses
and assess their ability to resolve existing portfolio puzzles. Lessons from the literature are summarized and promising areas
for further research identified.
JEL classifications G11, D14, D91, H55 相似文献
43.
Robert U. Ayres 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,6(3):207-230
Economists are increasingly interested in forecasting future costs and benefits of policies for dealing with materials/energy fluxes, polluting emissions and environmental impacts on various scales, from sectoral to global. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are currently popular because they project demand and industrial structure into the future, along an equilibrium path. But they are applicable only to the extent that structural changes occur in or near equilibrium, independent of radical technological (or social) change. The alternative tool for analyzing economic implications of scenario assumptions is to use Leontief-type Input-Output (I-O) models. I-O models are unable to endogenize structural shifts (changing I-O coefficients). However, this can be a virtue when considering radical rather than incremental shifts. Postulated I-O tables can be used independently to check the internal consistency of scenarios. Or I-O models can be used to generate scenarios by linking them to econometric macro-drivers (which can, in principle, be CGE models). Explicit process analysis can be integrated, in principle, with I-O models. This hybrid scheme provides a natural means of satisfying physical constraints, especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics. This is important, to avoid constructing scenarios based on physically impossible processes. Process analysis is really the only available tool for constructing physically plausible alternative future I-O tables, and generating materials/energy and waste emissions coefficients. Explicit process analysis also helps avoid several problems characteristic of pure CGE or I-O models, viz. (1) aggregation errors (2) inability to handle arbitrary combinations of co-product and co-input relationships and (3) inability to reflect certain non-linearities such as internal feedback loops. 相似文献
44.
构建一个基于企业内生创新的具有正反馈效应的城市经济动力系统,旨在阐明产业集聚、技术创新与城市经济的关系。产业集聚的确有利于创新的产生,但绝非必然,甚至有时还会由于知识拥挤导致经济停滞。技术生命周期理论可以帮助我们解释产业集聚与创新集聚间的关系。城市提供创新激励,然而因吸收能力不同企业创新绩效也存在差异,这是城市经济差异的重要原因。 相似文献
45.
产业集聚能力是产业集群成功发展的动力源。它与产业集群相伴而生,并作用于集群整个生命周期中。从集群的动态演进过程看,产业集聚能力分别表现为生成发展动力、集群创新能力和集群升级能力。在集群不同生命周期阶段,产业集聚能力的影响因素不同。针对这些影响因素,本文提出产业集聚能力的培育途径,以增强集群的持续竞争优势。 相似文献
46.
47.
Douglas C. A. Taylor Jessica L. Abel Jalpa A. Doshi Breanna Essoi Stephanie Korrer 《Journal of medical economics》2020,23(10):1072-1083
Abstract
Aims
To characterize a US population of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) using CONTOR, a real-world longitudinal research platform that deterministically linked administrative claims data with patient-reported outcomes data among patients with these conditions. 相似文献48.
家族企业的传承冲突与解析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
改革初期的我国第一代家族企业,在21世纪初都将逐步进入家族企业的权杖交接的重要阶段.如何从"第一代"创业者手中将企业传递到"第二代"家族企业的管理者手中,将越来越成为企业的重要课题.家族企业子承父业中的种种冲突的根源在于继承者的能力、权威不足或管理风格与原企业风格不协调.家族企业需要根据继承者的不同发展阶段系统地培养继承者. 相似文献
49.
50.
Stuart Walker 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》1996,6(2):151-171
Quantitative methods for evaluating the environmental impact of products are receiving considerable attention. Software is being developed to enable analysis of many aspects of a product's life cycle—from materials' extraction, through manufacture, to use and disposal. Less attention is being paid to the qualitative aspects of products and their significance in addressing environmental concerns. Here, the argument is made for including qualitative evaluations as an important facet of product environment assessment. Such evaluations are essential if significant progress is to be made in alleviating the adverse environmental effects of products. Combined with quantitative analyses, the two approaches become mutually supportive and, ultimately, inseparable.Qualitative environmental assessments can be applied to existing products and at every stage of the design process. Their adoption within the context of professional practice will be fostered by their inclusion, formulation and discussion within design education. This paper describes the basis and nature of these qualitative judgments, and places the qualitative and quantitative in a unified context which points towards more sustainable ways of living. The use of scenarios is discussed as a tool for academic design projects in order to address the complex relationships which might otherwise seem overwhelming to the design student. 相似文献